The purpose of this qualitative exploratory multiple site case study was to identify the factors that affected technology transfer at the selected Tribal Colleges and Universities (TCUs). The specific problem was the unknown factor or factors that appeared to be inhibiting technology transfer at TCUs. The general problem was the lack of verified evidence that technology transfer was formally occurring at any TCU. The research question was: What are the factors that affect technology transfer at Tribal Colleges and Universities? The study involved interviews with 20 senior level administrators and faculty members, five each from the four selected TCUs, along with a review of archival data and field notes. An NVivo10® data analysis of transcribed interviews coordinated with field notes and archival data revealed five themes: Barriers, Optimism, Technology Transfer Strategy, Lack of knowledge about Technology Transfer, and Institutional Research Capabilities. Under Barriers, several subthemes also emerged, which were: Time Constraints, Lack of Administrative Support, Institutional Research Capabilities, Individual Research Capabilities, Remoteness of Institution, and Institutional Core Mission of Academics. The participants in this study demonstrated an optimistic view of technology transfer and its potential, but detailed a number of barriers that must be overcome if technology transfer is to become institutionalized. The results of this study highlighted the need for TCU leadership to better understand how technology transfer might fit within the mission of their respective institutions. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://www.proquest.com.bibliotheek.ehb.be/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]