As academic libraries evolve to affirm their place as key partners in research, teaching, and learning in university communities, the process of innovation is one of great importance in the intentional design of library services, resources, and staffing. This dissertation was a qualitative, exploratory research study in which the conceptual framework of Peter Senge's systems thinking was used to examine three case studies representing three universities located in the Western and Midwestern United States. Interviews with 10 participants were conducted to deeply understand the drivers of innovation in academic libraries and how the organizational structure of libraries helps to incubate ideas. The researcher used constant comparative analysis techniques to code and understand the data. Key themes that emerged from the data included the library as laboratory: experimentation and investment in people; collaboration and community: partnerships, communication, and decision-making and funding; student success: 21st century skills, user experience, and student feedback and development; and organizational structure: changing perception and reorganization and the evolving library profession. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://www.proquest.com.bibliotheek.ehb.be/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]