This study attempted to determine if there were statistically significant relationships between leadership traits and personality traits of female elementary school principals who serve in school districts located within the Hampton Roads area of Virginia. This study examined randomly selected participants from three school divisions. These divisions had a total of 100 elementary public schools. Of these 100 schools, 73 had females as their building leader. Sixty-six of the 73 female elementary principals were randomly selected to participate in this research. The participants completed a three-section online survey. A total of 50 of the 66 participants responded, yielding a response rate of 76%. The following were included in the survey: demographic information, 21 leadership traits assessment, and the personality trait assessment. Leadership traits were based upon Marzano, Waters, and McNulty's (2005) 21 responsibilities of school leaders, and the International Personality Item Pool was used to examine five specific personality traits. Current educators, district leadership teams, females who aspire to be principals at the elementary level, and principal preparation programs may be able to use the information from this study to enhance the skills and traits of aspiring and current female elementary principals. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://www.proquest.com.bibliotheek.ehb.be/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]