Student success and retention in postsecondary education, particularly in the area of mathematics, is a significant concern for educators across the nation. Over 60 percent of students who pass remedial math will persist to graduation, but less than 10 percent of those who fail will graduate. Many students in remedial courses have low self-efficacy, which is negatively correlated to academic success. This study examined strategies that have been shown to increase academic self-efficacy. The strategies are based on observational learning, a component of Bandura's social cognitive theory. The primary goal of this study was to determine the extent to which observational learning, experienced through video peer modeling, might enhance self-efficacy in underprepared college students. A mixed-method, pretest-posttest two-group quasi-experimental design was used in this study, involving three different types of data collection methods. The quantitative data were gathered from pre- and post-surveys and the qualitative data were gathered from interview questions and focus groups. The results of the survey data were analyzed using SPSS Version 22 software, including descriptive analysis, and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). The analysis of covariance result was statistically significant, F(1, 264) = 6.965, p = 0.009. The interview questions were analyzed using NVivo Version 10 software. While the survey data revealed the control group and experimental group differed significantly in their post-test self-efficacy survey responses, the interview questions did not provide any evidence to show the treatment had a significant effect on the self-efficacy of this particular group of students. However, along with the survey data, the focus group discussions indicated video peer modeling did have an effect on the self-efficacy of the participants. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://www.proquest.com.bibliotheek.ehb.be/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]