This study, drawing on data from the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2009, explored the influences of metacognitive and self-regulated learning strategies for reading on mathematical literacy of adolescents in Australia and Singapore. Ordinary least squares (OLS) regression analyses revealed the positive influences of metacognitive learning strategies and control strategies for reading on mathematical literacy of adolescents in Australia and Singapore. In contrast, the two components of self-regulated learning strategies for reading--memorization and elaboration--had negative influences on mathematical literacy of adolescents in Australia and Singapore.