A Fully Integrated Educational System practices collaborative learning among all peers. The study summarized in this report (Zhang, X., Anderson, R. C., Morris, J., Miller, B., Nguyen-Janiel, K. T., Lin, T., Zhang, J., Jadallah, M., Scott, T., Sun, J., Latawjec, B., Ma, S., Grabow, K., & Hsu, J. Y. (2016). "Improving children's competence as decision makers: Contrasting effects of collaborative interaction and direct instruction." "American Educational Research Journal," 53, 194-223) compared how collaborative learning and direct instruction formats affected students' decision-making skills, and which of these instructional formats best supported students' ability to transfer knowledge to another topic area. [For the full study, see EJ1092556.]