Early Head Start (EHS) is a federally-funded, community-based program that provides comprehensive child and family development services to low-income pregnant women and families with children under the age of 3. The mission of EHS is to support healthy prenatal outcomes and enhance the intellectual, social, and emotional development of infants and toddlers to promote later success in school and life. In 2014, Congress appropriated $500 million to expand Early Head Start services through Early Head Start-Child Care (EHS-CC) partnerships and new EHS grants. EHS-CC partnerships are intended to leverage the quality standards of EHS so that more low-income infants and toddlers in licensed child care centers and family child care homes can benefit from high-quality services. This paper reviews 11 key aspects of how the federal Early Head Start program works. Each section includes considerations for state leaders, such as how other state systems relate to a particular aspect of EHS, or what types of policy changes states could consider to better coordinate and leverage EHS resources, including new dedicated funding for EHS-CC partnerships. Each section concludes with links to related online resources. [This paper is an update of an earlier version published in June 2011 (ED538030).]