The purpose of this monograph is to identify, discuss and probe issues; ask questions; challenge assumptions; and generally reflect on the evolution and direction of international education. It is an attempt to step back from daily work and think about the fundamental issues and challenges influencing basic understanding and approach to internationalization. The paper identifies several of the major societal trends and the risks and opportunities they bring to the internationalization of higher education. A discussion on the changing rationales for internationalization follows and builds on the impact of the societal trends. Finally, an analysis of terms and concepts contributes to a proposed taxonomy, which reflects the changing landscape of international education.