The present study is one of the regular series of Office of Education bulletins presenting salient features and analysis of the educational systems of other countries. Such studies in the field of comparative education are designed to serve educators, educational institutions and organizations concerned with the planning and conduct of programs in educational exchange, educational development of various countries; and other educational purposes. This study on Venezuela deals with one of the Latin American republics faced by major problems in its educational development. It aims to bring to the reader an understanding of Venezuela's educational patterns and needs, within the framework of the country's economic and social situation. Part I, Backgrounds, describes: (1) The history of the country--Spain and the colony, and the promise of independence; (2) The history of education (1498-1935)--the Colonial Period, educational thinkers, achievements (1810-88), the governments (1829-1935), and education in 1935; and (3) The challenge following the release from tyranny--the governments (1935-58), education (1936-58), and the challenge. Part II, Education Today, informs readers about: (1) Administration--the Ministry of Education, and budget; (2) Elementary and normal school education; (3) Secondary and higher education--Liceos and Colegios, and higher education; (4) Vocational education and education in the fine arts--technical education, social service training, and applied and fine arts; and (5) Some problems, observations, and conclusions--education to avoid work, rural education, national examinations, politics and education, and the plight of the Criollo. A bibliography is included. (Contains 58 footnotes.) [Best copy available has been provided.]