The scientist and mathematician of tomorrow will come from the high school students of today. It is important to appraise this source of the future scientific manpower from time to time, both to note the trends and to judge the effectiveness of the efforts being made to bolster the defense, security and future welfare of the Nation through the improvement of science and mathematics courses in public high schools. Biennially, since 1954, the U.S. Office of Education has obtained information on the offerings and enrollments in science and mathematics in the public high schools of the United States. The first study was published as Pamphlet 118, and the second as Pamphlet 120. These studies were widely distributed. That they served to meet a definite need was attested by letters received from many users. It is hoped that the present study, which summarizes the offerings and enrollment data obtained for the school year 1958-59, will be a significant addition to the series. An appendix contains: (1) Questionnaires regarding enrollment in science and mathematics courses; (2) Figure 15--Pupils Enrolled in Science and Mathematics: Fall 1958; and (3) Figure 16--Mathematics and Science Enrollments in Public High Schools: Specified Years, 1933-34 to 1958-59. Individual sections contain footnotes. (Contains 16 figures and 54 tables.) [Best copy available has been provided.]