Studies on education in other countries have long been a responsibility of the Office of Education. This present study is another contribution in the series. It is based on background information acquired by the author during 4 visits totaling 3 years of residence in Brazil, with a 1957 visit to obtain current first-hand data. The purpose of the study is to provide educational information about Brazil in its own setting for the use of educational institutions, governmental and non-governmental agencies, and scholars and other persons concerned with comparative and international education. The introduction provides a description of and background information on the country. Further chapters explore: (1) Educational panorama--evolution of public education, educational reform, contemporary panorama, and implications for education; (2) Educational organization--decentralization, legal bases, Ministry of Education and Culture, National Institute of Educational Research, National Council of Research, Getulio Vargas Foundation, school inspection, financing education, and school buildings; (3) Problems and practices in elementary education, including illiteracy, basic structure, marking and grading, teaching materials, and other topics; (4) General secondary education--improvement and extension, ginasios and colegios, model schools, textbook commission, and scholarships; (5) Schools for commerce and industry--industrial education, SENAI program, SENAI pilot programs, and SENAC program; (6) Higher education in the twentieth century, including university organization, curricular organization, enrollments, and so on; (7) Specialized schools--adult education, agricultural education, military education, Technological Institute of Aeronautics, and social service schools; (8) The teaching profession, including teacher training instructions, in-service training, Brazilian Education Association, and other topics; and (9) International educational and cultural programs--bilateral programs with the United States, UNESCO in Brazil, School for Public Servants, and cultural agencies. A bibliography is included. (Contains 30 tables, 2 figures, and 69 footnotes.) [Best copy available has been provided.]