This paper is a study of historical foundations of science education in Igboland, its nature and scope as well as the challenges facing its integration into the 21st century school system in a globalized world. The authors found that there were many scientific activities in Igbo culture, but many problems hinder their integration into the basic needs of modern society. For instance, imposing the needs of a globalized world of the 21st century on modernized African (Igbo) science is like imposing industrial chemistry on non-industrialized society. Implications of the findings were discussed in this paper. (Contains 1 table.)