Few European countries have developed a broad strategic framework to raise the profile of science in education and wider society. However, a wide range of initiatives have been implemented in many countries. The impact of these various activities is nevertheless difficult to measure. School partnerships with science-related organisations are common across Europe but are very diverse with respect to the areas they cover, how they are organised and the partners involved. This study deals with one of the priority areas of the "Education and Training 2020" process and is linked to the 2020 benchmark on basic skills which also includes skills in science. The study attempts to provide a mapping of the policies and strategies in place across Europe to improve and foster science teaching and learning in education systems today. It examines structural contexts and national educational policies regarding the teaching and learning of science, as well as evidence from international surveys and academic research. The study contains 5 chapters including: (1) Student Achievement in Science: Evidence from International Surveys; (2) Promoting Science Education: Strategies and Policies; (3) Curriculum Organisation and Content; (4) Student Assessment in Science; and (5) Improving Science Teacher Education. Annexes contain tables. A glossary is included. (Contains 26 figures, 3 tables, and 190 footnotes.) [This report was written with the contributions of Nathalie Baidak and Anna Horvath.]