One in four young children in the United States lives in an immigrant family. Federal law establishes policies on immigrant eligibility for child care assistance, yet questions regarding eligibility remain at the state and local level. Most child care assistance is funded through the Child Care and Development Block Grant (CCDBG) and the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) block grant, which have differing rules regarding immigrant eligibility. This fact sheet lays out rules and guidance related to immigrant eligibility for child care subsidies through both funding streams. In addition, it should be noted that all programs that receive federal funds are required to comply with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which prohibits agencies that receive federal financial assistance from discriminating based on race, color, or national origin and requires such agencies to take reasonable steps to provide limited English proficient (LEP) individuals with meaningful access to their programs, activities, and services. (Contains 14 endnotes.)