The Community Assessment (CA) is the collection and analysis of information on the characteristics and needs of American Indian/Alaska Native (AIAN) Head Start/Early Head Start (HS/EHS) eligible children and families in the grantee service area and the resources available to meet those needs. The primary purpose of conducting a Community Assessment is to make decisions about program design and services based on the information that you collect and analyze. The Community Assessment is a targeted assessment that identifies issues and trends having the greatest impact on American Indian/Alaska Native families with young children. The CA covers the entire service area that a grantee is funded to serve. There are five basic steps in the Community Assessment process: (1) Plan and Organize; (2) Design Data Collection; (3) Gather Data; (4) Review and Analyze Data; and (5) Make Decisions. In this workbook, each of the steps will be discussed separately and in some detail. Each step will have its own section, which offers guidance specific to conducting activities in that step. There will also be some helpful tips which have been lessons learned by AIAN HS/EHS programs or are suggested by the regional office. Appended are: (1) Federal Regulations And Instructions For Grant Applications That Apply To Community Assessment; (2) Instructions In The Grant Application Budget Instrument (GABI) That Apply To Community Assessment; (3) Guide To Using Excel To Help Analyze Your Quantitative Data; (4) Sample Enrollment Eligibility Criteria Scoring System; and (5) Community Assessment Glossary. [This resource was co produced by The American Indian Technical Assistance Network (AI-TAN).]