Obtaining sufficient funding to cover ever-increasing costs of services for students with disabilities is a critical responsibility for state and district special education directors. Medicaid is a possible source of support for certain school-based services in conjunction with other federal funds. This policy analysis provides a brief background of how the Medicaid program interfaces with the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act of 2004 (IDEA) and an analysis of how Medicaid resources are accessed and used in five states. Project Forum at the National Association of State Directors of Special Education (NASDSE) produced this document as part of its cooperative agreement with the U.S. Department of Education's Office of Special Education Programs (OSEP). Appended are: (1) A Brief History of School-Based Medicaid; (2) The Medicaid Administrative Claiming Guide; (3) Abbreviations; and (4) Interview Questions. (Contains 2 tables and 22 footnotes.)