Previous research examining effects of paternal incarceration has been limited conceptually and methodologically. Using risk and resiliency theory, the various ways children are affected by fathers' concurrent and previous incarceration are outlined. Using mixture regression, the various ways children are affected are identified. Child, family, and neighborhood characteristics are used to predict these effects. For concurrent incarceration, only 3% of the sample was unaffected (positively or negatively) and 30% were unaffected by the fathers' previous incarceration. Results identify profiles of children who experience these effects. Risk and resiliency factors affecting children's responses to paternal incarceration are discussed with policy implications. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://www.proquest.com.bibliotheek.ehb.be/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]