The purpose of this state report card is to provide the general public and policymakers with information they can use to assess and improve postsecondary education in each state. "Measuring Up 2006" is the fourth in a series of biennial report cards. The report card grades states in six overall performance categories: (1) Preparation: How adequately does the state prepare students for education and training beyond high school?; (2) Participation: Do state residents have sufficient opportunities to enroll in education and training beyond high school?; (3) Affordability: How affordable is higher education for students and their families?; (4) Completion: Do students make progress toward and complete their certificates or degrees in a timely manner?; (5) Benefits: What benefits does the state receive from having a highly educated population?; and (6) Learning: What is known about student learning as a result of education and training beyond high school? Findings for Rhode Island include: (1) Despite improvement, Rhode Island's performance in preparing students to succeed in college remains low when compared with other states. This year Rhode Island receives a C+ in preparation; (2) Rhode Island has consistently excelled in enrolling students in higher education. This year Rhode Island receives an A in participation; (3) Rhode Island has lost ground in providing affordable higher education. Rhode Island, along with many other states this year, receives an F in affordability; (4) Rhode Island has improved on its already excellent performance in the proportion of students earning a certificate or degree in a timely manner. This year Rhode Island receives an A in completion; (5) Rhode Island is one of only two states to see a decline in the benefits the state receives from having a more highly educated population. This year Rhode Island earns a B in benefits; and (6) Like most states, Rhode Island receives an "Incomplete" in Learning because insufficient data would not allow meaningful state-by-state comparisons. However, data are available this year to examine the readiness of college graduates--from two- and four-year institutions--for advanced practice. This report also includes international comparisons, additional information, questions and answers, and state grades. (Contains 3 figures.) [For "Measuring Up, 2006. The National Report Card on Higher Education," see ED493360.]