This report presents survey findings from two cycles of data collection in a 45-km area of Montreal located east of the city centre. The study was conducted by Statistics Canada as part of the second pilot phase of the Understanding the Early Years initiative (UEY-II), using the Communities Survey, a research tool adapted from the National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth (NLSCY). The first cycle of data collection took place in 2001, and the second cycle occurred in 2005. The Communities Survey consisted of two main activities: direct assessments of kindergarten children in the Montreal study area and interviews with parents. The results from the survey paint a portrait of early childhood outcomes at the study site, including outcomes related to physical health and well-being, cognitive skills and behaviour. The parental interviews offered information on a plethora of factors that may have influenced these developmental outcomes. The factors include the demographic characteristics of the children (e.g., age, gender), family income, parental education, parenting practices, childcare arrangements, literacy activities in the home, mutual support among neighbours, neighbourhood quality and safety, and use of the community's recreational, cultural and educational resources. By analyzing the two cycles of survey data together, the report also offers some insights into changes in demographic characteristics, family processes and community factors in the Montreal study area between 2001 and 2005, and how these changes may have affected the development of kindergarten children living in the community. To facilitate understanding of the survey results, the developmental outcomes of Montreal children are compared with the averages for the seven UEY-II pilot communities and, where possible, with averages for Canada as a whole. The remainder of this summary presents highlights from the report. "Early Childhood Development: Findings from Research" is appended. A bibliography is included. (Contains 20 tables, 27 figures and 11 footnotes.)