Executive Order 13096 seeks to improve the educational achievement and academic progress of American Indian and Alaska Native students. Section F of the Order requires the U.S. Department of Education to develop and implement a research agenda for that purpose. Among other things, the research agenda is to include an evaluation of the role of Native language and culture in the development of educational strategies. The purposes of this task order are to review the literature on theories and empirical evidence related to Native language and culture in education; to assess the feasibility of conducting experiments in multiple locations to determine the effectiveness of programs or interventions incorporating Native language and/or culture in education; and, if such experiments are feasible, to produce a preliminary experimental design. This report describes activities conducted by the Northwest Regional Educational Laboratory (NWREL) under this task order to assess the feasibility of conducting experimental research in culturally based education (CBE). Two data sources were used to write this report. First, the research team conducted a review of extant research on the impact of culturally based education on the school performance of American Indian, Alaska Native, and Native Hawaiian students. The intent was to identify research studies in which the researcher has some "control over the assignment of subjects" to treatment conditions, using experimental or quasi-experimental designs. Second, a national survey of CBE programs was conducted to uncover existing culturally based education interventions to determine the feasibility of developing experimental or quasi-experimental research designs among existing programs. The purpose of the survey was to reveal the number of similar interventions implemented in different locations that allow the random assignment of students required in experimental or quasiexperimental research. The literature review identified six studies examining the effects of some aspects of CBE programs or interventions that involved random assignment of subjects to treatments. Results of the national survey suggest that random assignment of students to treatment and control conditions is likely to be feasible in a sizable number of the CBE programs. The remaining sections of this report provide background information on culturally based education and describe in greater detail the results of the literature review and the national survey of CBE programs. Appended are: (1) Feasibility Questionnaire; (2) Summary of CBE Survey Results; and (3) Potential CBE Study Sites. (Contains 18 tables and 10 figures.) [This report was originally prepared under the title "Preliminary Study for Experimental Research on Culturally Based Education for American Indian/Alaska Native Students : Task 2: Assess Feasibility" for the Institute of Education Sciences, June 2004.]