The goal of the overall study was to evaluate the potential of Math Recovery (MR), a pullout, one-to-one tutoring program, to increase mathematics achievement among low-performing first graders, thereby closing the school-entry achievement gap by enabling them to achieve at the level of their higher-performing peers in the regular mathematics classroom. An additional purpose of the study is to inform the design of future effectiveness and scale-up studies, should they be warranted, as well as policy decisions regarding adopting the program and selecting tutors. In order to achieve these purposes, the authors used two measures of tutor knowledge, the LMT (Learning Mathematics for Teaching) and a developer created test covering the understanding and use of the MR frameworks.