This report uses the three-component framework to categorize and synthesize major recommendations to Congress for the ESEA (Elementary and Secondary Education Act) reauthorization and briefly analyzes them from the perspective of the third component. The analysis illuminates fundamental gaps in the prevailing recommendations. In particular, this report stresses what's missing with respect to addressing barriers to learning and teaching and to re-engaging disconnected students. This report finds that recommendations made by the Obama administration and other stakeholder organizations and leaders attempt to cover all three components but give short shrift to the third component. The report concludes by emphasizing that now is the time for schools to plan and develop more effective and comprehensive systems for directly dealing with factors that keep too many students from doing well at school. Such efforts can draw on pioneering work in states that are moving learning supports from the margins to a prominent place in improving schools and enhancing student outcomes. Developing and implementing a comprehensive, multifaceted, and cohesive system of learning supports is seen as representing the next evolutionary stage in meeting the imperative for school improvement policy and practice to effectively address barriers to learning and teaching and re-engage disconnected students. This report suggests that, properly conceived, this third component is essential in efforts to close the achievement gap, enhance school safety, reduce dropout rates, shut down the pipeline from schools to prisons, and promote well-being and social justice. Appendices include: (1) Sample Used for the Synthesis of ESEA Reauthorization Statements and Recommendations from Organizations and Coalitions Focused on General Reforms; (2) Sampling Used for the Synthesis of ESEA Reauthorization Statements and Recommendations from Organizations and Coalitions Focused on Specific Areas of Interest; and (3) Recommendations Excerpted from Invited Testimony at ESEA Reauthorization Hearings December 2009-May 2010. (Contains 5 exhibits.)