Historically many students with disabilities did not participate in accountability systems. The No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 (NCLB) requires that students in all targeted subgroups, including students with disabilities, have the opportunity to learn challenging material that is linked to content standards and to participate in statewide assessments. Some students with disabilities need to use accommodations to meaningfully access instruction and assessment, but little is known about how teachers choose and use accommodations for students with disabilities. This Issue Brief reports the results of a survey of 798 special education teachers in six school districts in four states about the use of student accommodations. The survey was conducted to provide researchers and policymakers with a better understanding of: (1) Which factors influence IEP team decisions about how accommodations are used for instruction and assessment; (2) Which accommodations are most commonly used in instruction and assessment; and (3) The processes used to ensure that assessment accommodations are provided on test day. (Contains 11 tables.)