The safe and effective use of medications for the treatment of certain medical conditions and illnesses has enabled many children to attend school and achieve academic success. In medical practice, widespread acceptance of drug therapy for behavioral disorders has facilitated diagnosis and treatment of these conditions in ambulatory care. Recent changes in the use of psychotropic medications by children and adolescents, and concerns about adverse consequences, have prompted the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to revise their guidance for prescribers and patients. The need for up-to-date drug information, and for monitoring of students on medication, prompted the Center to update this fact sheet for those who may be called upon to administer medications to students during the school day.