The Child Development & Behavior (CDB) Branch of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) seeks to improve the health and well-being of individuals from infancy through early adulthood by supporting research into healthy growth and development, including all aspects of child development. The study of typical child development--of behavior, how to predict or change behavior, and how to recognize and intervene in learning and behavior difficulties--across the diverse population of American children today is among the defining features of research supported by the Branch. The central mission of the CDB Branch is to examine in-depth the behavioral, neurobiological, and genetic aspects of typical development and factors that place such development at risk, and to determine the optimal prevention and intervention approaches and under what conditions and in what contexts interventions can be most effective for specific subsets of individuals. This report to the National Advisory Child Health and Human Development (NACHHD) Council describes research and research training supported by the NICHD CDBB as of 2009 relevant to psychological, psychobiological, and educational development of children from conception through adolescence. The report describes the Branch's research programs, their initiatives, selected findings from their supported research, and their efforts at collaboration and dissemination. Appended are: (1) CDB Branch Personnel; (2) Branch-Supported Research Consortia and Networks; (3) Branch Publications 2004-2008; (4) Expert Panel Members; (5) CDB Branch Funding Initiatives, Fiscal Year 2004 through Fiscal Year 2007; and (6) Branch-Sponsored/Co-Sponsored Workshops and Conferences. (Contains 6 figures.)