Australia has made significant changes in the ways it regulates and funds vocational education and training (VET), with increased emphasis on competition to promote efficient delivery of the type of programs that students and employers want. National, state and territory governments have increased the role of employers by basing nationally recognized training on industry determined competencies; giving employers and apprentice trainees choice of government-funded VET providers; enhancing subsidies to employers of apprentices and trainees; and giving employer organizations representation on government authorities and advisory committees concerned with vocational education and training. This paper provides summary information on spending and enrollments in Australian education and training, and identifies issues for continued investigation and research. Two appendices:are included: (1) Korea and Australia: Indicators of Population, Labour, the Economy, Education and Training; (2) Public Social Spending in OECD Countries. (Contains 1 footnote and 1 table.)