This paper is to explore potential new underlying theory of strategic human resource development based on critiques of current theoretical foundations of HRD. It offers a new definition and model of Strategic HRD based on resource-based view of firm and human resource, with linkage to financial performance and competitiveness. Proposed new model includes five strategic approaches such as talent development, training/development, organization development, performance development, and leadership development; and two-stage strategic objectives: financial performances and sustainable competitive advantages. (Contains 1 figure.)