Six priority health risk behaviors contribute to the leading causes of death, disability, and social problems in the United States. These behaviors are often established during childhood and adolescence. They include tobacco use; unhealthy dietary behaviors; inadequate physical activity; alcohol and other drug use; sexual behaviors that may result in HIV infection, other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), and unintended pregnancies; and behaviors that contribute to unintentional injuries and violence. School health programs need to focus on these priority health risk behaviors, as well as other key health issues such as asthma and mental health, that have a great impact on the overall health and well-being of students. Health programs also can make an important contribution by promoting protective factors--such as a positive relationship with a caring adult and participation in after-school activities--that foster positive health and academic outcomes. Research has shown that school health programs can reduce the prevalence of health risk behaviors among young people and have a positive impact on academic performance. To help states, districts, and schools improve school health programs, The Center for Disease Control (CDC) has developed science-based guidelines, strategies, tools, and other resources, and has identified priority actions states can take to support coordinated school health programs (CSHPs) at local levels. This publication provides research findings confirming that school programs can reduce the prevalence of health risk behaviors,and have a positive impact on academic performance.