This document describes the breadth of the research being conducted in 2008 by the Research and Development Division at Educational Testing Service (ETS). The research described falls into three large categories: (1) Research supported by the ETS research allocation; (2) Research funded by testing programs at ETS; and (3) Research funded by external governmental and private agencies. Within each category, information is provided about specific research projects, the focus and purpose of the research, and responsible staff. The document includes discussion of why the research is important to do: how the work is aligned with ETS's mission and how it is building organizational knowledge and capability.