The federal No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) brought new challenges and opportunities for the Pennsylvania System of School Assessment (PSSA). Like many states, Pennsylvania was faced with adding assessments in grades 4, 6 and 7 in reading and mathematics. However, unlike most states, Pennsylvania did not respond to NCLB by simply adding required tests; rather, it decided to take the unusual action of culling core content from its overall academic standards and targeting this content on its assessments. This attempt to focus on the durable, lifelong knowledge and skills that students should acquire and retain is a worthwhile effort. At the request of state officials, Achieve reviewed Pennsylvania's newly established Assessment Anchors and related Eligible Content statements in reading and mathematics and analyzed their alignment with the state's assessments. This report summarizes Achieve's findings and provides recommendations for strengthening Pennsylvania's comprehensive system of standards and tests. Biographies of Achieve's benchmarking staff, consultants, and expert reviewers are appended. (Contains 1 footnote.)