This Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) provides guidelines for counselors and criminal justice personnel who treat offenders with substance use disorders. TIPs are best-practice guidelines that make the latest research in substance abuse treatment available to counselors and educators. The content was generated by a panel of experts in the fields of substance abuse treatment and criminal justice and was reviewed by independent experts. The eleven chapters cover: The first Chapter offers an introduction to the subject; Chapter 2: Screening and Assessment, explains the screening and assessment process of substance use and co-occurring disorders. Chapter 3: Triage and Placement in Treatment Services, describes the process of triage and placement in available treatment services; Chapter 4: Substance Abuse Treatment Planning, covers the process of treatment planning (including criteria for criminality, client motivation, and readiness for change); and Chapter 5: Major Treatment Issues and Approaches, presents an overview of the major clinical strategies and program components. Chapter 6: Adapting Offender Treatment for Specific Populations, is devoted to treatment for specific populations, including violent offenders, disabled/impaired offenders, older offenders, sex offenders, women in the criminal justice system, those from rural areas, and offenders with infectious diseases. Chapter 7: Treatment Issues in Pretrial and Diversion Settings, focuses on substance abuse treatment in pretrial and diversionary settings, while Chapter 8: Treatment Issues Specific to Jails, discusses treatment issues uniquely specific to jails and jail populations. Chapter 9: Treatment Issues Specific to Prisons, provides an overview, description of the population, and treatment services in prisons, including in-prison therapeutic communities. Chapter 10: Treatment for Offenders Under Community Supervision, presents a discussion on the treatment of offenders under community supervision, while Chapter 11: Key Issues Related to Program Development, covers those pressing issues related to program development (such as reconciling public safety and public health interests, program-level coordination, and cost issues). Appended are: (1) Bibliography; (2) Glossary; (3) Screening and Assessment Instruments; (4) Resource Panel; (5) Cultural Competency and Diversity Network Participants; (6) Special Consultants; and (7) Field Reviewers. (Contains 11 figures.)