In this report for the Progressive Policy Institute's 21st Century Schools Project, the author takes a close look at charter schooling in Ohio, examining the history, status quo, challenges, and the future of the charter school effort there. He finds terrific examples of success, but points out that there are some very real challenges, including strong teachers union opposition to charters and uneven quality among charter schools and authorizers that must be addressed to further charter school growth. The author offers Ohio policymakers several recommendations for overcoming these obstacles and improving their state's charter schooling. This paper is an important resource for educators, policymakers, journalists, and others with an interest in charter schooling in Ohio and nationwide. (Contains 7 tables and 52 endnotes.)