This guide is a companion to its predecessors, "Linguistically and Culturally Diverse: African American and Hmong" and "Language Sample Analysis: The Wisconsin Guide." It focuses on children from American Indian and Spanish speaking populations. It provides information pertaining to: historical background, including legal and social issues; cultural factors influencing learning and language; recommended procedures for appropriate non-biased assessment; data collection as a result of analysis of language samples of typically developing Spanish speaking children; dialectical and phonological patterns that should be considered as differences and not errors or indicators of an impairment or disability; intervention strategies for regular and special education teachers; and case studies. The 19 appendixes present limited English proficiency (LEP) levels of English language learners; recommended tests for speech and language evaluation (Spanish emphasis); translators and interpreters; test evaluation form; checklist for potential discrimination of an assessment instrument; language sample analysis in English of native Spanish speaking children; classroom observation form; classroom teacher questions for self-evaluation prior to making a referral; communication skills inventory for bilingual children; consultation team questionnaire; records review form; teacher interview for consultation team; sample interview forms in English and Spanish; background information for students with LEP; hearing screening considerations; Wisconsin Tribal education directors; and English and Spanish glossaries. (SM)