This report examines the impact of teacher quality on student achievement in Canada, analyzing current research, practices, and innovations to provide a better understanding of the complexity of teaching and effective teacher deployment. The nine chapters focus on: (1) "Introduction"; (2) "Indicators of Teacher Quality" (defining teacher quality and the effect of teacher quality on student achievement); (3) "Supply of Teachers" (teacher shortage or distribution, availability of Canadian data sources of teachers in Canada, factors impacting Canada's teacher supply and demand teacher participation in the workforce, and strategies to balance teacher supply and demand); (4) "Initial Preparation of Teachers" (e.g., preservice training; determination and evaluation of program curriculum and delivery; and typical teacher education program components); (5) "Hiring and Assignment Practices" (e.g., teacher federations and collective agreements, the role of tenure, the posting and assignment process, and innovations in hiring and assignment to increase teacher quality); (6) "Professional Development" (e.g., link between professional development and teacher quality, funding for staff development, and innovative practices); (7) "Evaluation" (e.g., why teacher evaluation is important for teacher quality and peer assistance); (8) "Compensation" (why pay matters, current compensation practices, and incentives); and (9) "Policy Implications." (Contains approximately 120 references.) (SM)