In today's educational setting, assessment results weigh heavily in determining what students should know and be able to do. In addition, because assessment scores are often tied to accountability systems that affect both teaching and learning, they influence what is taught in the classroom. The changes in the use of assessments underscore the need for educators to understand the role assessment plays in instruction and learning. Teachers, counselors, and assessment professional are challenged not only to understand the use of assessments and the interpretation of the results, but also to learn more about how assessments are developed. This chapter summarizes the importance of assessment training with an emphasis on the standards-based assessment development process as it relates to recent research in learning and motivation. (Contains 12 references.) (GCP)