This report examines issues related to the performance indicators used for international comparisons of Australia's vocational education and training (VET) system. Chapter 2 examines main sources of international comparisons of VET and main features of indicator frameworks used for comparisons. Chapter 3 presents an outline of these two main frameworks of indicators used in international comparisons of education, including VET: International Indicators of Education Schemes and a VET framework produced for European Union (EU) member states that could be used for international comparisons. Chapter 4 summarizes Australia's rankings on Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) indicators of VET. It suggests that published data from OECD indicators provide an inconclusive picture about the effectiveness of Australia's VET system. Chapter 5 sets out a framework for statistical comparisons. One element outlines basic requirements needed in construction of a framework of indicators for comparing VET performance in Australia with VET internationally; the second is a proposed list of indicators grouped according to Australia's national policy priorities in VET. Using a variety of sources, Chapter 6 applies the indicators and indicator framework to establish whether an assessment can be made of how effectively the VET system in Australia is working in each policy area by comparison with other systems. Thirty-nine data tables are provided; 43 references are listed. (YLB)