This study examined factors associated with Hispanic students' high dropout rates, considering not only demographic factors but also the role of family background, early school experiences, and social influences in the high Hispanic student dropout rate. Data came from students in the High School and Beyond (HS&B) longitudinal study of the 1980 senior and sophomore student cohort. The 1980 sophomore cohort dataset was taken from a highly stratified national sample of this group of students, 10 years after high school. The HS&B survey included the 1980 senior class and sophomore class. Both cohorts were surveyed every 2 years through 1986, and the sophomore class was surveyed again in 1992. Of the 3,251 Hispanic students in the study population, 2,341 graduated from high school, and 910 dropped out. Analysis of data on those 910 students indicated that several factors significantly predicted Hispanic high school students' dropout rate: grade point average, socioeconomic status, employment, repeating a grade, citizenship, English proficiency, truancy, and urbanicity. Other contributing factors included gender, friends' and siblings' academic status, substance use, and pregnancy/fatherhood. (Contains 77 references.) (SM)