The Consultative Group on Early Childhood Care and Development is increasingly concerned with the lack of attention to children affected by the HIV/AIDS pandemic. This theme issue of "Coordinators' Notebook" examines issues related to ensuring that orphans and vulnerable children under 5 years receive attention in the international, national, and local AIDS agendas. Articles in this journal are: (1) "The Two Who Survive: The Impact of HIV/AIDS on Young Children, Their Families and Communities" (Diane Lusk and Chloe O'Gara), discussing the magnitude of the problem, likelihood of child survival, consequences of inadequate care, special vulnerabilities of children under 5, programs for AIDS-affected children under 5, and relevant policy issues; (2) "Infant Feeding Practices in Africa in the Context of HIV/AIDS" (S.L. Huffman and others), examining the implications and risks of recent World Health Organization recommendations for modifying breastfeeding practices to reduce postnatal transmission of HIV in Africa; (3) "Bernard Van Leer Foundation: Foundation Supported Initiatives on HIV/AIDS, Africa Region," describing local programs to address care, education, and prevention; (4) "Speak for the Child: A Program for AIDS-Affected Under-Fives in Kenya" (Diane Lusk); and (5) "Early Childhood Education and Care and the AIDS Epidemic in Brazil" (Alessandra Schneider and Cristina Raposo). The journal's regular feature, "Network Notes," reports on activities, meetings, and the calendar of the Secretariat and of the Partners of the Consultative Group on ECCD. (KB)