This brief provides an overview of the No Child Left Behind Act and how it may be implemented in states and local communities. The brief discusses what policymakers must do to ensure that this legislation enhances rather than limits opportunities to learn, especially for Latino children. It begins with a short, recent history of the standard-based reform movement in Congress, then discusses challenges in implementing these reforms as they relate to Hispanic students. These challenges include inadequate learning opportunities (e.g., inequitable funding of high-poverty schools, unqualified teachers, ineffective parent involvement strategies, and little access to challenging curricula); inappropriate use of assessments (e.g., test inaccuracy, inappropriate educational treatments, and watered-down curricula). Recommendations for getting standards-based reform right for Hispanic students include promoting equitable resource distribution, aligning curriculum and instruction with standards and assessment, providing a high-quality teacher corps, using tests appropriately, utilizing multiple measures of student performance for making high-stakes decisions, treating special populations fairly, providing a supportive school organization and culture, and promoting active parent and community involvement. (SM)