Today, as people gaze across the narrow waters of Stones River (near Murfreesboro, Tennessee), it is difficult to imagine the carnage of a U.S. Civil War battle. The battle at Stones River claimed 23,000 casualties. It was the second bloodiest battle fought west of the Appalachian Mountains during the Civil War. This lesson plan is based on the National Register of Historic Places file for "Stones River National Battlefield" and primary sources about the battle. The lesson can be used in U.S. history, social studies, and geography courses in units about the U.S. Civil War or in units on conflict. It cites educational objectives for students and materials needed. The lesson is divided into eight sections: (1) "About This Lesson"; (2) "Getting Started: Inquiry Question"; (3)"Setting the Stage: Historical Context"; (4) "Locating the Site: Maps" (Tennessee and Surrounding States; Nashville and Middle Tennessee); (5) "Determining the Facts: Readings" (Soldiers and the Battle of Stones River; Night on the Battlefield); (6) "Visual Evidence: Images" (Battle of Stones River; Hazen Brigade Monument; Artifacts in the Hazen Monument); (7) "Putting It All Together: Activities" (Monument Inscriptions; Working with Primary Sources; Civil War Participation; War Memorials in the Local Community); and (8) "Supplementary Resources." (BT)