The following are expectations about employer-provided training: (1) the incentive to provide general training arises largely because of transaction costs in the labor market, despite adding value to a worker's productivity when working for a range of employers; (2)employers sponsor training in specific skills since they are likely to reap the benefits of the productivity gains; and (3) firms trying to achieve high levels of technical change are most likely to invest in training. Data have been compared on the incidence and intensity of employer-provided training from the 1997 National Employer Survey, 1995 Survey of Employer-Provided Training, and 1995 National Household Education Survey. Findings indicate about 70 percent of establishments provide some form of formal training and 35-65 percent of all workers receive formal training. Some evidence is found for the commonly cited result that workers with higher levels of education and higher earnings receive more training, but intensity of training is higher for young, part-time, and less-experienced workers. Implications are that: (1) many workers receive employer-provided training; (2) some receive intensive training; and (3) if all training were left up to the private sector and the private sector training patterns continue, training gaps would widen between highly-educated and less-educated workers. (Appendixes include 28 references, selected survey questions, and data tables.) (YLB)