A project was conducted in Australia to investigate the most effective ways whereby learners receive informal and formal support to assist them to successfully complete vocational education and training (VET), either in school or in business job-training programs. Data were collected through a literature review, a case study of 11 organizations, and a workshop focus group. Some of the findings of the study were the following: (1) many similar types of learner support existed in VET institutions and in businesses, although more support was available in the VET institutions; (2) key indicators of learner support included an attitude of valuing people, the right individuals in key positions, a planned and funded approach to learner support, a formal orientation, incentives for learners, support from senior management, organizational support for trainers, and a flexible learner-centered approach; (4) similar types of learner support were successful in both VET institutions and in businesses. Explanation of study methodology and the case studies are appended to the document. (Contains 67 references.) (KC)