This report provides information on the well-being of children in Afghanistan, details the work of the Save the Children organization in helping Afghan children and families, and discusses what is currently needed to meet the urgent health and safety needs of Afghan children. It is noted that 25 percent of children die before their fifth birthday, only 10 percent of pregnant women receive maternal health care, 20 percent of children are born in a refugee camp, and only 3 percent of girls and 39 percent of boys are enrolled in school. The report provides information on Save the Children's efforts in Afghanistan related to: (1) providing food for families; (2) improving the health of mothers and children; (3) educating children; (4) keeping children out of harm's way; (5) helping children cope emotionally; and (6) increasing economic self-sufficiency. The immediate needs of the children of Afghanistan are delineated. The report asserts that the protection, survival, and future development of the children and the society in Afghanistan depend on: (1) establishment of nationwide stability and safety; (2) continued prioritization of humanitarian assistance; (3) expanded long-term development; (4) heightened focus on children and women; and (5) adherence to worldwide commitments. A map details the locations of Save the Children programs in Afghanistan and Pakistan. The report concludes with a brief history of the Save the Children efforts in Afghanistan and Pakistan. (KB)