This paper addresses bibliographic services in the 21st century. The paper begins by reviewing achievements of the past 30 years, including Universal Bibliographic Control (UBC), MARC, International Standard Bibliographic Description (ISBD), and the Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules, 2nd edition (AACR2). The cataloging of electronic resources is then discussed, including problems and the proposed metadata approach to bringing them under bibliographic control. Differences between electronic resources and print documents are delineated. A taxonomy of electronic documents is presented that includes the following categories: (1) ephemera; (2) commercial sites; (3) print-derived resources; (4) electronic serials (free-standing, i.e., not derived from print); (5) digitized archives (textual, sound, and visual); and (6) original creative works (textual, sound, and visual). The question of what standards to use is addressed. Metadata is discussed as an alternative to cataloging, and the possibility of several layers of treatment depending on the value assigned to electronic resources is considered. The question of how the cataloging of electronic resources is to be organized is then addressed, including how to identify worthwhile materials, creating and maintaining the resulting databases, and coordinating the national effort. (Contains 17 references.) (MES)