This paper discusses the creation and evolution of "Canadiana," the national bibliography of Canada. Highlights include: (1) the need for national bibliographic services; (2) the comprehensive scope of Canada's national bibliography, which includes works about Canada and foreign-published items written by Canadians in addition to titles published in Canada; (3) the challenges of keeping the bibliography up-to-date; (4) a comparison of the first and last issues of "Canadiana," illustrating its growth; (5) the recommendations of the International Conference on National Bibliographic Services related to coverage, presentation, timeliness, legal deposit, and international standards; and (6) accomplishments and current challenges. (MES)