This report presents findings from a Cairo conference on vocational education and training (VET) standards. It focuses on four European Training Foundation documents. Chapter 1 introduces an international model for development of standards and explains how to identify employment requirements based on labor market analysis and a questionnaire (and its analysis) on the current status of VET standards development in the Mashreq (Eastern Mediterranean) region. Chapter 2 provides a summary of questionnaire results that present current practice in VET and standards in the region. Chapter 3 groups conference themes under these three topics: developing and implementing VET standards; involving stakeholders; and linking VET standards to the labor market. Chapter 4 provides a summary of national case studies from Mashreq countries. Chapter 5 presents results from working groups discussions on weaknesses in VET standards development; key themes related to the increasing relevance of VET to labor market needs; and scope for developing regional cooperation. Chapter 6 reports on national discussion group opinions on opportunities the conference offered; barriers in their country; national-level steps to overcome them; and regional cooperation. Chapter 7 identifies the conference's key themes, which are the following: moving toward competence-based VET systems; labor market analysis; involving stakeholders; relevance; financing; teacher training; and regional cooperation. The program and participant list are annexed. (YLB)