This collection of papers focuses on the economic aspects of education as follows: (1) "Introduction" (David H. Monk, Margaret Wang, and Herbert J. Walberg); (2) "Tax Revolts and School Performance" (Thomas Downes and David Figlio); (3) "State Aid and Education Outcomes" (Sheila E. Murray); (4) "The Interface between Public and Private Schooling: Market Pressure and the Impact on Performance" (Dan Goldhaber); (5) "The Economics of Grade Retention" (Eric Eide); (6) "Teacher Quality: Its Enhancement and Potential for Improving Pupil Achievement" (Susanna Loeb); (7) "Measuring School Efficiency: Lessons from Economics, Implications for Practice" (Amy Ellen Schwartz and Leanna Stiefel); (8) "Examining School-Level Expenditures and School Performance: The Case of New York City" (Ross Rubenstein and Patrice Iatarola); (9) "The Relationship between Student Performance and School Expenditures: A Review of the Literature and New Evidence Using Better Data" (Corinne H. Taylor); (10) "Exploring the Nexus between Educational Inputs, Distribution of Performance, and Incentives" (Samid Hussain); (11) "Problems in the Estimation of School Effects: Insights from Improved Models" (Jens Ludwig); and (12) "Conclusions and Recommendations" (Herbert J. Walberg and David H. Monk). (Individual papers contain references.) (SM)