Noting that the role of fathers in caring for children has received increased research attention over the last 20 years, this literature review concerns the role of fathers in the physical and psychological maintenance of children. The review is organized around three themes in the father care literature: (1) descriptions of care activities and variations linked to family and child characteristics; (2) father status in family arrangements; and (3) diversity in father care experiences. The review notes that, given the rise in dual-earner families, the availability of affordable and quality childcare, and increased expectations of fathers, an overall increase in father care activity is evident in this body of research. Yet, fathers are likely to assume secondary positions in the care of children, and this care tends to be less instrumental--primarily focusing on play and recreation. Family arrangements, in general, determine the level of and opportunity for fathers' care, and gender roles continue to circumscribe men's potential for increased involvement in care. The review concludes by identifying the limitations of current research and by examining plausible policy and practice directions. (Contains 169 references.) (Author/KB)