This paper summarizes the details of a workshop which sought to bring together researchers, practitioners, policymakers, and university educators to consider the current state of knowledge about emergent and early literacy learning, with the overarching question: what additional knowledge is needed about early literacy learning? Six specific topic areas were addressed: (1) Meeting Context, Background, and New Frontiers; (2) Emergent Literacy and Prevention; (3) Emergent Literacy and Identification of Risk Factors; (4) Emergent Literacy and Intervention; (5) Summary and Conclusions; and (6) Research Agenda and Suggestions for Practice. Common themes addressed in the workshop were: converging findings and research gaps in emergent and early literacy; practical concerns that influence research design and implementation in investigations of emergent and early literacy; and implications for individuals working in different professional roles and disciplines. The workshop also considered the influence of parents and caregivers in enhancing literacy skills, and it sought to identify processes that could assist families in implementing literacy activities and identifying whether their children might be at risk in literacy development. (EF)