This paper uses data from a randomized housing-mobility experiment to study the effects on juvenile crime of relocating families from high- to low-poverty neighborhoods. Since 1994, the Department of Housing and Urban Development's Moving to Opportunity (MTO) experiment has assigned families from high-poverty Baltimore neighborhoods into three different groups. Experimental group families receive housing subsidies, counseling, and search assistance to move to private market housing in low-poverty census tracts. Section 8-only group families receive private market housing subsidies with no program constraints on relocation choices. A control group receives no special assistance under MTO. Outcome measures come from juvenile arrest records taken from the Maryland Department of Justice. Analysis of MTO data suggests large reductions (30-50 percent) in arrests for violent crimes among experimental and Section 8-only teens relative to controls. This paper describes the MTO experiment in detail, offers a conceptual framework, examines study data, presents key results, and discusses implications of the findings. (Contains 46 references.) (SM)